Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). (2020). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.     ISBN 978-1-4338-3216-1 (pbk)

Document Format

	Margins set at 1 inch (top, bottom, left and right)
	All text should be left justified.
	Use headings to separate sections of your paper (Introduction; Literature Review; Methodology; References; etc.).
	All font size should be 12 points
	Indent ALL paragraphs, (EXCEPT the Abstract)
	Lines should be double spaced
	NO charts or graphs should be included.
	The title page should have title, student name, class number and name, page (in upper right hand corner) and date.
	Include a Running Head (Header) and ALL pages should be numbered consecutively in the top right hand corner of each page. Beginning with the title page.
	References should follow the APA style (some example are listed below)

In-Text Citation

One Author: APA uses author-date citation system; the last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the body of the text at the appropriate point.

        Author / date example: Smith (2019) described the recreation program as well developed.

        Author / date example: In a recent study on aging skiers, no preference was shown for organized participation (Smith, 2019).

For no author or date use the name of the title in quoation marks and the year of publication or if no year is given usse n.d. are inserted in the body of the text at the appropriate point.

         No author (magazine)/ no date example: The visitor recreation program as well developed ("National Forest User's," n.d.). See APA Manual, p. 265

Two Author's: APA uses author-date citation system; the last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the body of the text at the appropriate point.

        Author's / date example: Smith and Brown (2019) described the recreation program as well developed.

        Author's / date example: In a recent study on aging skiers, no preference was shown for organized participation (Smith & Brown, 2019).

Three or More Author's: APA uses author-date citation system; beginning with the first citation, list the last name of the first author et al., and the year of publication are inserted in the body of the text at the appropriate point.

        Author's / date example: A study on aging skiers, indicated no preference for organized participation (Cole et al., 2020).

Quotations

Double quotations marks are used for all material quoted directly from a source.

Example: Smith's (2019) article stated, "recreation professionals must have outstanding communication skills" (p. 34).

Example: She stated, "Writing skills are essential to good communication" (Jones, 2019, p. 22).

Example: She stated, "Writing and public speaking skills are essential to good communication" (Jones, 2019, para. 4).

Example: She stated, "Writing skills are essential to good communication" (Jones, 2019, Professional Skills section, para. 4).

    Note: All direct quotes over 40 words must be in an indented paragraph and cited as a direct quote.

                Example:

            In order to gather data, the authors searched databases, journals, and review articles published between 2018 and February 2020. The articles being searched had these characteristics:

Findings specific to an after-school intervention in the school setting; subjects aged 18 years; an intervention component designed to promote physical activity; outcome measures of physical activity, related constructs, and/or physical fitness. Study outcomes were distilled into six domains: physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, blood lipids, psychosocial constructs, and sedentary activities. Effect sizes were calculated within and across studies for each domain, separately. (Ross & Williams, 2013, p. 5)   OR  (Ross & Williams, 2013, para. 1)

All direct quotes over 40 words must be in an indented paragraph and cited as a direct quote.

On-line Sources

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers (unless they are PDF reproductions of printed material). If paragraph numbers are visible, use them in place of page numbers. Use the abbreviation para.

    Example: As Myers (2013, para. 5) aptly phrased it, "positive emotions are both an end-better to live fulfilled, with."

If there are headings in the document and neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the quoted material.

    Example: "The current system of managed care and the current approach to defining empirically supported treatments are shortsighted" (Beutler, 2012, Conclusion section, para. 1)

    Example: "The current system of managed care and the current approach to defining empirically supported treatments are shortsighted" (Beutler, 2012, para. 1)

References

DOI Guidelines

1) Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version;

2) If a print work does not have a DOI, do not include any DOI or URL in the reference;

3) If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI; and

4) IF an online work has a URL but no DOI, include the URL in the references as follows:

Online Reference

Author last name, first initial, second initial. (year of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, volume number, issue number (in parentheses), page numbers, the digital object identifier (doi) or (url). The second/third lines are indented five spaces.

         Example DOI: Journal with Author:      Becker, L. A. (2019). The Complex and Dynamic Nature of Leisure Experience.
                                                                      Journal of Leisure Research, 26 (3), 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1235/rev0000126

             Example URL: Journal with Multiple Author's:     Stutter, T. A., Gruber, D., & Kale, G. (2019). Insights to Leisure.
                                                                                   Journal of Leisure Science, 20 (1), 23-34. https://www.JLS.org/resoures

Works with no author. Use the name of the organization. year. title of the article. doi or url        

          Example: Web Site:   Wilderness Society. (n.d.). History of the Wilderness Act. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books. 9875643224

                Note: use n.d. if no date is available.

Blog Post

              Example:       Ralston, F. (2019, February 20). Inside Parks and Recreation. https://blogs.plos.org/recreation/

Magazine

            Example:      Gardner, H. (2018, December 9). Risk Management and Liability. Parks and Recreation, 32(3), 70-76.

            Online example:      Gardner, H. (2018, December). Risk Management and Liability. Parks and Recreation, 32(3), 30

                                             https://doi.org/10.1234/riskmanagement8754

Book

            Example: Author, A.A. (year of publication). Title of book. Name of the Publisher.

            Example: Ree, I. J. (2020). Recreation Cost and Benefits. McMillan Co.

Quotations

Double quotations marks are used for all material quoted directly from a source.

Example: Smith's (2018) article stated, "Recreation professionals must have outstanding communication skills" (p.34).

Example: She stated, "Writing skills are essential to good communication" (Jones, 2018, p. 22).

    Note: All direct quotes over 40 words must be in an indented paragraph and cited as a direct quote. See APA Publication Manual pp. 170-171.

                Example:

            In order to gather data, the authors searched databases, journals, and review articles published between 2010 and February 2013. The articles being searched had these characteristics:

Findings specific to an after-school intervention in the school setting; subjects aged 18 years; an intervention component designed to promote physical activity; outcome measures of physical activity, related constructs, and/or physical fitness. Study outcomes were distilled into six domains: physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, blood lipids, psychosocial constructs, and sedentary activities. Effect sizes were calculated within and across studies for each domain, separately. (Ross & Williams, 2019, para. 5) OR (Ross & Williams, 2019, p. 8)

All direct quotes over 40 words must be in an indented paragraph and cited as a direct quote. See APA Guidelines.

On-line Sources

Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers (unless they are PDF reproductions of printed material). If paragraph numbers are visible, use them in place of page numbers. Use the abbreviation para.

      Example:   As Myers (2019, para. 5) aptly phrased it, "positive emotions are both an end-better to live fulfilled, with."

        Example:    As Myers (2019, p. 9) aptly phrased it, "positive emotions are both an end-better to live fulfilled, with."

If there are headings in the document and neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the quoted material.

     "The current system of managed care and the current approach to defining empirically supported treatments are shortsighted" (Beutler, 2019, Conclusion section, para. 1)

Personal Communication

These may be letters, e-mail, or telephone conversations. These forms of communication are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in the body of the text only. Give the Initials and Surname and an exact date of the communication.

                Example: J. O. Smith (personal communication, October 1, 2018)

                Example: (J. O. Smith, personal communication, June 14, 2018)